ATP Production and Regeneration (ATP Synthase): An Overview
Glycolysis is an essential metabolic pathway in all living organisms and is also known as the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway. This pathway involves the breakdown of glucose molecules into pyruvate, producing energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells convert sugar into energy. Glycolysis is a 10-step process that occurs within the cytoplasm of cells. This pathway includes the phosphorylation of glucose, the oxidation of NADH, and the isomerization of fructose-6-phosphate. During glycolysis, two ATP molecules are produced for every glucose molecule that is broken down. These ATP molecules provide energy for the cell to use for a variety of functions (Hou et al., 2017).
The end products of glycolysis are pyruvate and ATP. Pyruvate is further broken down in the Krebs cycle, which produces more ATP and NADH. In addition, glycolysis is reversible, allowing cells to convert pyruvate back into glucose when needed (Dubey et al., 2018). Cont…..
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