Which of the following liver metabolic pathways are not normally active at the same time but are activated in response to cortisol? The Interplay between Cortisol and Metabolic Pathways: A Review

The Interplay between Cortisol and Metabolic Pathways: A Review

Cortisol is a hormone that is released in response to stress or fear, and has the ability to affect many metabolic pathways in the body. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and is an important regulator of metabolism, immune function, and other physiological processes. It has been shown to affect a number of metabolic pathways, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism (Nyholm et al., 2016). In response to cortisol, there is an increase in the activity of certain metabolic pathways and a decrease in the activity of others. For example, cortisol has been shown to activate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, which increases the production of glucose and the utilization of fatty acids (Peeters et al., 2017). It also stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis, which decreases the storage of fat and increases the production of energy (Hansen et al., 2018).
In addition, cortisol can suppress the activity of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which are important pathways for the production of energy (Liu et al., 2020). This is because cortisol increases the production of certain hormones, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which can inhibit the activity of these pathways. Cont….